Chromatographic Profiling Techniques used in Plant Identification

Chromatographic Profiling Techniques used in Plant Identification Herbal Formulation 

The below table summarizing the methodologies, purposes, and outputs of chromatographic profiling techniques used in plant identification: 

Chromatographic Technique Methodology Purpose Output
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) Separation of plant constituents on a thin layer of adsorbent (e.g., silica gel) using a solvent system. Develops chemical fingerprints for plant constituents. Visual representation (chromatogram) showing separation of compounds as spots; comparison with reference standards to identify marker compounds.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Utilizes a liquid mobile phase to separate and quantify compounds based on their interaction with a stationary phase (e.g., reversed-phase column) coupled with UV detection. Confirms plant identity, quantifies specific compounds, detects adulterations. Chromatogram depicting peak retention times and UV spectra; quantitative analysis of identified compounds; comparison of peak areas with standards for quantification; verification of identity and purity through spectral matching.
Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) Separates volatile compounds in essential oils or volatile fractions based on their boiling points and interactions with a stationary phase (e.g., capillary column) using a gas mobile phase (carrier gas). Profiles essential oils, particularly aromatic plants, to identify and quantify volatile compounds. Chromatogram showing peaks corresponding to different volatile compounds; percentage composition of major constituents (e.g., limonene, menthol) as per pharmacopoeial standards; identification of characteristic ratios (e.g., cineole to limonene ratio for peppermint oil).

Notes: 

  • Methodology: Describes the technique used for separation and detection of plant compounds. 
  • Purpose: Specifies the objective of each chromatographic method in plant identification and quality control. 
  • Output: Details the typical results obtained from each technique, aiding in confirmation of plant identity and detection of adulterations. 

This table format effectively summarizes the methodologies, purposes, and outputs of TLC, HPLC, and GLC in chromatographic profiling for plant identification, highlighting their respective strengths in differentiating and quantifying botanical constituents. 

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