Alpha-amylase and transglutaminase are two enzymes commonly used in the baking industry to improve dough structure and texture. Alpha-amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch molecules into smaller components such as glucose and maltose. These smaller components can then be fermented by yeast to produce carbon dioxide gas which is essential for dough expansion and helps to create a fluffy texture in baked goods. Transglutaminase is an enzyme that cross-links proteins, which can help to strengthen the gluten network in dough and improve its elasticity, cohesiveness, and texture.
When used together, alpha-amylase and transglutaminase can improve the quality and consistency of the dough by enhancing its mixing and fermentation properties. Alpha-amylase can increase the availability of fermentable sugars for yeast, while transglutaminase can reinforce the gluten structure to trap the carbon dioxide gas produced during fermentation. This can improve baked goods’ volume, texture, and crumb structure. Flour type, dough recipe and processing condition determine the specific dosage and application of these enzymes. It’s vital to use enzymes in a controlled and precise manner to achieve the desired effect on dough structure and texture. Over-treatment or improper use of these enzymes can lead to undesirable effects such as dough stickiness, excessive gas production, or enzyme degradation.
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