Micronutrients inducing changes in bone strength and muscle and brain function in older adults has been assessed through a scoping review published in 2017 in The Journal of Nutrition, Health, and Aging by Iolascon et al. They reviewed 12 high-quality articles that included clinical trials and longitudinal studies to assess which of these micronutrients indeed helped with issues relating to aging.

Can dietary supplements and nutraceuticals improve cognitive / brain health function?

Interesting News,  Mar 27, 2025

Micronutrients inducing changes in bone strength and muscle and brain function in older adults has been assessed through a scoping review published in 2017 in The Journal of Nutrition, Health, and Aging by Iolascon et al. They reviewed 12 high-quality articles that included clinical trials and longitudinal studies to assess which of these micronutrients indeed helped with issues relating to aging.

Investigated Findings

From these studies, 16 micronutrients were considered beneficial for maintaining strong bones, healthy muscles, and better cognitive function:

  • Beta-alanine – Improves muscle endurance
  • Calcium and Fluorides – Essential to building strong bones
  • Creatine and Leucine – Important for muscle strength maintenance
  • Magnesium and Potassium – Important for muscle and nerve functions
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory
  • Vitamins B6, B9, B12 – Neuroprotective and cognitive preservative
  • Vitamin C and Vitamin E – Antioxidant, protect cells
  • Vitamin D and Vitamin K2 – Essential for bones and muscle mass
  • Zinc – Beneficial for immunity and brain functions

Final Verdict: Does Science Back It Up?

This overview identifies these micronutrients that can help older adults stay in good health backed by good scientific evidence from clinical trials and guidelines. These micronutrients will not, however, substitute a healthy lifestyle, but should serve to prevent bone loss, preserve muscle strength, etc., in the full view of available nutritional data on the substances.

Can Supplements Boost Brain Health Evidence-Based Insights

Level of Evidence

This scoping study would provide moderate to strong evidence but with limitations from the type of study in question.

Study Design and Strength of Evidence

The review would consider:

  • 1 international society guideline/recommendation → Level 1 (strongest)
  • 1 systematic review → Level 1A (high-quality evidence)
  • 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) → Level 1B (high-quality individual studies)
  • 3 prospective cohort studies → Level 2 (moderate evidence)

RCTs and systematic reviews would provide strong evidence. On the other hand, scoping reviews are not the same as systematic reviews or meta-analysis in assessing the quality or risk of bias of individual studies. In other words, it summarizes the evidence available but does not prove causation nor does it make clinical recommendations with a high level of certainty.

Final Evidence-Based Assessment

  1. Strength: Moderate to strong since review consists of RCTs, systematic reviews, and international guidelines
  2. Limitation: A scoping review is not so strict compared to systematic reviews or meta-analyses; it does not evaluate the risk of bias or overall study quality
  3. Future Research Needed: The need of the time is more meta-analysis and RCTs for a longer duration to find the most optimal microparticulate dosage, long-term effects and clinical recommendations

What Next?

Scientific research is still needed on appropriate dosages to support the long-term effects. But one of the recommendations for sound aging is ensuring that proper intakes of these nutrients—whether through diet or supplements—are maintained for the best possible pure health benefits later in life.