Planning and defining the objectives: Before conducting any tests, clearly defining the testing process’s objectives and goals is crucial. This involves identifying the specific characteristics of the food product that must be tested and determining the type of testing required.
Sample preparation: Food samples are collected and prepared for testing. This may involve cutting, grinding, or homogenising the sample with the help of homogenisers, depending on the type of test being conducted. The typical sample types for food product testing are- raw materials, process samples control, finished product, competitor sample and complaint sample.
Testing methods: The specific testing methods used will depend on the test’s objectives and the sample type. Some standard testing methods include sensory testing, chemical analysis, microbiological analysis, and physical testing. For example, nutritional value information for nutrition labelling may require more laborious methods per standardised organisations, while process control samples are analysed by rapid methods [2].
Data collection and analysis: Data is collected during testing and analysed to determine whether the food product meets the desired specifications. This may involve statistical analysis, comparing the test results to industry standards, or using expert judgment to evaluate the results. In addition, the laboratories need to maintain track of the samples and store the data from the analysis in a repository called Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), which can be accessible to the consumers so they can import, review and analyse as needed [2], [3].
Reporting and interpretation of results: The results of the tests are reported and interpreted to determine whether the food product is acceptable for distribution or sale. Corrective actions may be recommended if the product does not meet the desired specifications.
Validation and verification: Once a food product has been tested and approved, it may be necessary to periodically validate and verify that the product continues to meet the desired specifications. This involves conducting ongoing testing to ensure the product remains safe, high-quality, and meets consumer expectations [2].