Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Monk Fruit Formulation

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Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Monk Fruit Formulation

Introduction 

Also called Luo Han Guo, monk fruit is a plant native to China. The fruits of this plant were used as a folk medicine to treat respiratory infections. In the 20th century, they were used as an ingredient in tea and beverages to treat common ailments. The ripe fruits are very sweet due to a compound called mogroside V, which is about 300 times sweeter than sugar. The compound does not get digested in the upper part of the digestive system, and the glucose unit of this compound is cleaved in the large intestine by the bacteria. Glucose serves as an energy source for the bacteria and, thus, contributes zero calories when consumed. It has been gaining importance as a sugar replacer among obese individuals and people with diabetes.  

 Clinical studies demonstrating the adverse effects of monk fruit 

 The US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) considered monk fruit as Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) in 2014. Subsequently, the use of monk fruit in the food and beverage industry increased, and the FDA deemed that monk fruit is safe to be consumed by children, pregnant women and people with diabetes as a low-calorie sweetener [1]. 

 

The number of clinical studies regarding the adverse effects of monk fruits is relatively less. For example, a study by Marone et al. revealed that PureLo, a monk fruit based sweetener in the US on rats, showed that monk fruit is safe for consumption and has no adverse effects. Another study by Xu Q et al. on dogs for 28 and 90 days at a concentration of 3000mg/kg/day and liquid extract of 10 mL/kg/day revealed no adverse effects when blood chemistry, organ weight and histopathological tests were performed [2]. Instead, a review by AK Pandey and OP Chauhan demonstrated the therapeutic effects of monk fruit since it is rich in bioactive compounds– it has anti-diabetic, anti-obese, anti-fatigue and anti-cancer properties [3].  

 There have been no reports on the adverse effects of monk fruit so far. However, like any food or ingredient, some people may experience adverse reactions to monk fruit. Monk fruit belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, which consists of cucumbers and melons. Those allergic to cucumbers and their related species must consult a healthcare professional before consuming monk fruit. Regarding adverse reactions, some people may experience digestive issues such as bloating, gas, or diarrhoea from consuming monk fruit in excessive amounts. In rare cases, some people may be allergic to monk fruit, although chances are rare since monk fruit does not contain proteins [4]. In addition, commercially available monk fruit sweeteners may contain sugar alcohol like erythritol, a popular sugar replacer. Erythritol can cause allergies in some people, so manufacturers need to label their products clearly, and consumers must check the ingredients before buying [5]. 

Conclusion 

Monk fruit is gaining popularity among food manufacturers and consumers as a natural non-nutritive sweetener. However, the number of studies demonstrating the adverse effects of monk fruit is scarce. Allergic reactions to monk fruit may occur if the consumer is allergic to the members of the cucumber family. Other constituents of monk fruit sweetener may also cause allergic reactions; hence, manufacturers and consumers must clearly label and read the ingredients. 

How the Food Research Lab can help 

The Food Research Lab develops ingredients of the highest quality for its clients for developing food, beverages, nutraceuticals, herbal products and cosmeceuticals. It ensures that the ingredients are safe and free from all possible contamination by conducting lab tests. It also conducts cost analysis so that they are developed economically. 

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