Ghrelin, as a key regulator of appetite, energy balance, and glucose metabolism, holds significant potential in the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods. These products aim to address health challenges such as obesity, metabolic disorders, and age-related conditions while promoting overall well-being.
Ghrelin levels are elevated in cachexia, [1] likely as a compensatory mechanism aimed at increasing hunger and reducing energy expenditure to counteract the negative energy balance. [2] Following food intake, peptides such as GLP-1, PYY, and CCK are released in response to food entering the intestinal tract. These peptides serve various functions: GLP-1 stimulates insulin release, CCK promotes enzyme secretion, and PYY signals satiety, contributing to the cessation of eating [3]
Exogenous ghrelin supplementation has been investigated in small cohorts of cancer patients, yielding variable outcomes and insufficient evidence to recommend it as a treatment. [4] Megestrol acetate, an appetite stimulant, has been employed to enhance food intake. For instance, a 2018 trial involving 90 participants with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers reported a significant increase in body weight (p = 0.001) and appetite scores (p = 0.003) after one month of megestrol acetate treatment. [5] While appetite stimulants can serve as valuable components of multimodal interventions in clinical practice, their utility is limited by potential side effects and failure to promote skeletal muscle growth. [6]
Ghrelin’s role in stimulating hunger and promoting meal initiation can be leveraged to:
Functional foods and nutraceuticals can support ghrelin’s role in maintaining energy balance:
Ghrelin’s role in gastric motility and acid secretion can be applied to develop products for digestive wellness:
By integrating ghrelin’s functions into nutraceuticals and functional foods, the industry can address critical health issues while supporting overall well-being. Continued research and innovation in this field hold immense potential for transforming dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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